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Discover how the ACTN3 R577X “speed gene” influences sprinting, endurance, and injury risk. Read More
Explore Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) – a powerful molecular cytogenetic technique that uses fluorescent probes to detect chromosomal abnormalities, microdeletions, duplications, and gene rearrangements. Read More
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Learn the complete process of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) — from its principle, steps, and components to real-world amplification limits, enzyme fidelity, and PCR enhancers like DMSO, betaine, and glycerol. Read More
Learn how RFLP and STR-based polymorphic markers are used in genetic diagnostics. Explore real-world applications like sickle cell testing and maternal cell contamination detection, and why older techniques like RFLP still hold value today. Read More
Learn how Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) can be diagnosed using a DraI-based PCR-RFLP technique. Read More
Learn how QF-PCR helps detect sex chromosome aneuploidies like Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and XYY. This article explains key markers like AMELXY, SRY, T1, T3, and X-STRs in simple terms with a focus on clinical interpretation. Read More
Learn how to validate heterozygous gene deletions using SYBR Green-based qPCR. Step-by-step guide with melt curve analysis, and ΔCt/ΔΔCt interpretation. Read More
Learn how to use the NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer to accurately measure DNA concentration and assess sample purity. Understand the principles of absorbance photometry, key wavelength choices (260, 280, 230 nm), and how to interpret 260/280 and 260/230 ratios. Read More